COMPONENTS - COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

Component - Component In Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware also called Computer Architecture and also can be defined and categorized as a science and an art on how to interconnect hardware components to be able to create a computer that meets the functional requirements , performance , and costs targets . But here we will only discuss the architecture in general , computer architectures Broadly speaking, can be divided into four , namely :

Central processing unit ( CPU ) , which controls all other units of the computer system / transform inputs into outputs . Detailed as follows : Primary storageControl unit ( control unit ) , making all the units work together as a system , arithmetic and logical unit , where berlangsungkan mathematical calculations and logic operations . Secondary storage ( secondary storage ) , menyedikan place to store programs and data when not in use .
Input unit , entering data into the primary storage .
Output Unit , and record or print the results of processing . ( primary storage ) , containing the processed data and programs , ...
Primary storage : storage area

CPU ( Central Processing Unit )
Central Processing Unit , is where the heart or the life of a computer . This was where all the processes are done by a computer takes place . Here are the major organs in the CPU :

Processor : Run the program .
Motherboard : The motherboard is the home of a device in which all related to be entered into the system must go through the motherboard .
Video Graphics Adapter ( VGA ) : Intermediary to translate the output of the processor to display to monior .
Power Supply Unit ( PSU ) : To supply power to all the components in the computer . As well as to stabilize the voltage automatically.
Hard Drive: One type of storage in a computer memory .
Memory ( speed ) : The bigger the more free memory capacity of a computer to execute the program .
Input Device
Input devices are divided into two groups, namely input devices directly and indirectly. Direct input tool allows input is processed directly by the CPU via the input device without first inserted into the external storage medium . Direct input device consists of several groups, namely : keyboards , pointing devices , scanners , voice recognizer . Indirect input device , wherein the data entered is not directly processed by the CPU , but the first recorded to a medium of a machine readable form ( form can be read by a computer and an external storage ) . Indirect input device comprising: keytocard , keytotape , keytodisk , etc.

Keyboard : The creation of a computer keyboard typewriter inspired by the creation of the basic design created and patented by Christopere Lathan in 1868 .
Mouse : can be moved anywhere in the direction of movement of our hands .
 Scanner : an electronic device that functions similar to a copy machine .
Monitor : Computer screen also called , serves to show that the information can be viewed .
Printer : used to print the data / information on paper
Speaker : function to release information in the form of sound
Processor : as the central data processing and controlling other devices work .
Mainboard : the machine frame computer where the processor and components - other components installed
Diskette Drive : called floppy drive , insert the floppy disk that place ( floppy ) . Function to read and write data on the diskette .
CD Drive : place insert a CD , or a function to read and write data on CD / VCD
 Hard drive: is the data storage . Hard drive are in the case ( body ) and the computer rarely move-move ( called fixed disks )
Memory ( RAM ) storage of temporary data . RAM stands for Random Accses Memory, the memory that can be accessed randomly by the processor .
 VGA - Card : components which display an image / display on the monitor . ( Video Graphics Array )
 Sound Card : functional components that process data into sound that will be displayed on the speakers
LAN Card : components that will connect with other computers . Not always exist on the computer , and installed if necessary.
 Modem : components are necessary if we want an internet connection , or to send data over the telephone network .
Stabilizer : stabilizing electric current that flows into the computer's power supply is not too ride - down which can cause damage to electronic equipment and data .
UPS : to prevent the computer is off when the unexpected electrical outages . At the time the power goes out , the UPS automatically provides power to the computer .
Output equipment
The resulting output of the processor can be classified into four forms , namely writing ( letters , digits , special symbols ) , image ( in the form of graphs or pictures ) , sound , and other forms that can be read by machine (machine - readable form ) . Equipment output can be:

Hard - copy device is a tool that is used to print text and images on hard media such as paper or film .
Soft - copy device is a tool that is used to display text and images in the media in the form of electronic signals software . Example : >> Printer : Output device that serves to print the data ( Document , Picture , web page , etc. ) >> Monitor : Output devices which display the data from the CPU . Projector >> : Just as a monitor , projector Dashboard displays data from the CPU , the output size projector badanya is much larger than the monitor . Speaker >> : Tool output for devices such as voice .
primary storage

Magnetic tape ( Magnetic Tapes )
Floppy disk ( diskette ) ,
 Zip Drive
flash Disk
hard Disk
Disk Optics ( Optical Disks )


Component - Component Software On Computer
Program Application ( Application Software )
The program is a software application that is ready to be used by the user to facilitate its work . The application program can be divided into :

   a. Word Processing
   Is a program that can be used ppengolah word for writing , editing the manuscript . An example is Microsoft Word 2003 , Microsoft Word 2010 , Lotus Ami Pro , and others .

   b . desktop Publishing
   Is a program that can be used to adjust the layout of a text before printing . An example is the Ventura Publisher and Page Maker .

   c . Spreadsheet programs
   Is a program that can be used to process the numbers . Numerical data processed in the column . Examples of these programs are Microsoft Excel , Lotus Improv , and others .

   d . Database Management System
   These programs are used to store , process data , and then generate the information . The data are processed in the form of a database . Conytohnya is Paradox , Microsoft Access , My Sql , and so on .

   e . Graphics
With this program we can have a graphical process data such as drawing , color meberi , create animations , photo editing , and others. Examples of programs are Corel Draw Graphics , Adobe Photoshop , PhotoShine , and others .

   f . Accounting program
   This program is used to manage finances . Usually those who use this program are companies with large cash flow . This sample program is Pacioli , 2000, Peach Tree Accounting , and so on .
 
   g . Statistics program
   This type of program is used to conduct research related to statistical analysis . Examples are Statistica , SAS , etc. .

   h . Communication
   This type of program is used to communicate with other users . An example is the Carbon Copy , DataFax , etc. .

   i . multimedia
   This program relates to multimedia tasks . An example is Adobe Premiere Pro , Microsoft Video , and others .

   j . game
   The program is only a game . For example, Prince Of Persia Need For Speed ​​, GTA , and others .

   k . antivirus
   Is a program that is used to detect and eradicate computer viruses . For example, it is much like Avira , AVK Kasper Sky , SmadAV , and others .

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operating system PCB PC

l   b   s

The operating system (English : the operating system ; OS ) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources or hardware , and provide common services for application software . The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system . Without the operating system , the user can not run an application program on their computer , unless the application program boot .

The operating system has a systematic scheduling includes memory usage calculation , data processing , data storage , and other resources .

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation , the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or disconnected by it . Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer - from mobile phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers .

Examples of modern operating systems are Linux , Android , iOS , Mac OS X , and Microsoft Windows

Processor [edit | edit source ]

The processor executes computer programs . The processor is a chip in the computer system that runs the computer program instructions . In every second the processor can execute millions of instructions .

The program is a series of instructions given to a computer . While the process is a part of the program that are in a particular status in the execution sequence . In the discussion Operating Systems , we often discuss the process compared with the program . In a modern operating system , in particular when not all programs loaded in memory , but only one part of the program . While other parts of the program remains rest in the disk storage media . Only in times of need alone , part of the program loaded in the memory and executable by the processor . This greatly saves memory consumption .

Some systems run only a single process at a time , while others run a multi - process at a time . Though most of the computer system has only one processor , and a processor can execute only one instruction at a time . So how a single processor system can run multi - process ? Surely, in a very small granularity , the processor executes only one process at a time , then quickly he moved to run other processes , and so on . So for vision and feeling of a human user , as if the processor run multiple processes simultaneously .

Each process in an operating system to get a PCB ( Process Control Block ) which contains information about the process , namely : an identification process ( Process ID ) a unique identity and become the number , the status of the process , the process execution priorities and process location information in memory . Priority process is a value or quantity that indicates how often the process should be executed by the processor . The process that has a higher priority , be executed or executed more often than the first lower -priority processes . An operating system can only specify all processes with the same priority , so that each process has an equal opportunity . An operating system can also change the priority value of a particular process , so the process will be able to have a greater chance at the next execution ( for example : on a process that was already too long waiting for execution , the operating system raises the value priorities ) .

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Benefits Of Technology Basic Human Needs .

a) Food ( food )

- The discovery of seeds that can be produced in a short time doubled .

- The use of agricultural mechanization to harvest so the result is greater production when compared to using human power .

- The use of biotechnology ( eg plant hormone ) to stimulate the growth of leaves , flowers , or fruits that grow more .

- The development of food manufacture of petroleum , enhanced nutritional cereals , food manufacture proteins from leaves and manufacture of imitation meat products from vegetable protein sources . [ 1 ]

b ) Clothing ( apparel )

- The existence of textile machinery to accelerate the process of making clothes .

- With the advancement of technology , it has been found synthetic fibers , such as polyester , polipropelin , polyethylene , etc. , so that the manufacture of textiles can be done on a large scale in a short time .

c ) Board ( Housing )

By applying advanced technology , people are able to build houses and skyscrapers buildings . People no longer use the stairs , but simply by pressing a button and in an instant the 've arrived at the destination floor . Until this century, people try to take advantage of the ocean and space as much as possible through artificial islands with sea farms and plantations . [ 2 ]

2 ) Benefits of the SDA Reform

a) The development of the technology can be utilized to increase the quantity of a product .

- In the field of agriculture

With materials technology to determine which areas of the field soil , the content of the elements required by the plant so it can be determined that the most appropriate fertilizer . With the advancement of technology seeds can be determined by using radioactive rays , for example, the type of rice Atomita I of artificial mutation of rice planthopper resistant Pelita I brown and green .

With modern technology , people can know the condition of the growth of a plant . For those countries is very limited agricultural land , they increase the quantity of food production by developing crops that depend on the water that comes flowing elements needed plants . [ 3 ]

- In the field of industry .

Let's take the example of palm oil processing industry . The use of advanced technology to reduce the amount of oil that evaporates and the amount of oil left on the lees . Advances in technology will enhance the productivity capabilities of both the industry and the technological aspects of the industry on the aspects of production . In the future , the benefits of technological developments in the industry will be increasingly important , in which the possibility of individual consumers in direct contact with the plant so that the service can be implemented directly and individual tastes can be met and more importantly, consumers do not need to go to the store . [ 4 ]

b ) The development of the technology can increase the quality / quality of production , for example in the processing of petroleum, gasoline initially we know , now we know the premium .

c ) Processing of natural resources effectively and efficiently to increase the diversity of production , for example, can be made in addition to cassava cassava can also be made of liquid sugar . [ 5 ]



3 ) Benefits Of HR Technology .

a) The development of technology may encourage people to utilize natural resources more effectively and efficiently . Humans can menguah transportation and communication systems to facilitate all activities .

b ) The development of technologies to increase the quality of human resources ( skills and human intelligence ) , because it opens up the possibility of the availability of facilities and infrastructure supporting scientific activities . Moreover, it also opens the possibility of increasing the prosperity and improvement of human intelligence .

c ) Pressure , keen competition in various aspects of life as a consequence of globalization , will give birth to a generation that disciplined , diligent and hardworking . [ 6 ]

4 ) Benefits of Communications and Transport .

a) Communication

- With modern technology , humans can create telegram ( mid 20th century ) which can be used to convey a message to thousands of miles in a few minutes .

- With modern technology , humans can create phone ( invented by Bell in 1876 ) so it can communicate directly even if the distance is very far . Till now man has been able to make various kinds of mobile phones with various facilities and advantages of each .

- The discovery of radio sets ( by Marconi 1896) to send and receive news without going through the connecting wire .

- The discovery of a television that can send voice and image to the viewers living within hundreds of miles of the object that was witnessed .

- The discovery of the latest communication tools , which are combined with satellite radio and television . With this tool one can see the other person's face even though they are a different hemisphere .

- The discovery of a computer . Experts such as doctors , lawyers , administrators and so on can be easily , precisely and quickly obtain the necessary information from the computer , because the computer can store data or information in large numbers , and in a short time can be displayed the data / information required .

- With berkembanganya then made satellite communications technology / domestic satellite . Some examples include Wester satellite communications in the United States . Anik in Canada , Russia and Palapa Molnya in Indonesia . [ 7 ]

- The discovery of radar .

b ) Transport

Prior to the development of technology , transportation is done by foot , horse , ox-carts , horse-drawn carriage , or for the camels seen sand . But after developing technology , people can make transportation infrastructure . For transportation on land , such as motorcycles , cars , buses , trucks , trains , bridges with particular strength in accordance with the requirement that vehicles must pass . For sea transport made ​​ships , to air transport aircraft industry created with speeds greater than the speed of sound . Aircraft that use high technology , such as the Concorde 602 ( supersonic transport aircraft ) which has a speed of 1400 miles / hour . With Concorde 602 , the distance London - New York can be reached within ± 3 1/2 hours .

With advanced technology , people also have and continue to conduct exploration into space to look for the possibility of migrating to another planet . With the advancement of technology and venture into space exploration , the experts made ​​spacecraft which is used to examine and search for data beyond the earth for their needs . Several spacecraft that have been launched include:

1 . Apollo is used to examine or obtain data on the moon .

2 . Venera which successfully landed on the planet Venus and managed to collect pictures of the surface of Venus .

3 . Viking who has successfully landed on Mars .

4 . Marines also used to retrieve the data on the planet Mars .

5 . Voyager is used to conduct research planets Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune , Pluto and continue to leave our solar system .

6 . Pioneers who have the same mission with Voyager .

In addition to spacecraft also made ​​among others Rover spacecraft , Vostok , Voskhod , Soyuz , and Mercury .

5 ) Improved Health Benefits Of Technology .

a. Enhance Science and facilities in the field of Medicine .

For the development of medical science , the necessary infrastructure is basic science ( chemistry , biology and physics ) , electronic devices and non- electronic as well as professional researchers in the energy field. The emergence of biochemistry , biophysics , physical chemistry , bacteriology , histology (the study of tissues ) , stimologi ( cell science ) , parasitology that is in line with the development of electronic equipment , such as thermometers , electron microscopy , X-ray , laser light stethoscope , and other much help in solving problems in the field of medicine .

In the 20th century the surface part of surgery is very popular , because it can solve many problems of disease through surgery . This is due to the support of the diagnosis made ​​tools , such as X-ray machine that allows people to see the situation in the human body , elektrokardiograp , which can diagnose heart irregularity of work , electric encepkalegrap can record the movement or flow of the brain , the basal metabolism that can measure the speed of fat burning foods and in the body .

Facilities are more advanced equipment to improve health services for the community , among others :

1 . heart transplant

2 . washing the blood

3 . Replacement corneas

4 . Installation of a pacemaker .

5 . The use of electronic equipment for people with hearing loss .

6 . IVF services .

7 . Contraceptive services .

b . Improving Drug Technology .

Technological advances in the field of medicine in line with technological advances in the field of medicine because those two things are inseparable . Actual treatment of the problem has been known to the public , long before the development of science and technology is only just a different system .

With the technology of materials , people can separate a mixture of compounds , and can construct a new compound from other compounds . For example, the discovery of insulin substance in 1920 by Frederick Banting Grand , which is then reinforced by the discovery of Charles Herbert ( 1921 ) . They separated insulin from animal pancreas gland and use it for the treatment of diabetes . Treatment with blood transfusions is the result of a research pathologist in 1910 which classifies human blood into class A , B , AB and O. From the results of further research labih he found blood RH factor .

Medicine technology pioneered by Dr. . Morris Fishbein . Around the year 1910 , among others, discovered ether as an anesthetic , as well as other substances such as morphine , digitalis , diptherian vaccines , iron , quinne , iodine , alcohol , and mercury . Around the year 1945 , among others, found sulfate , penicillin , and other anti Biotika , blood , blood plasma and blood derivatives , quinacrine , and other anti-malarial drugs , ether and other anesthetics , digitalis , arsphenomines ( and derivatives ) , derivatives arsenate as a cure syphilis , immunization substance insulin , liver extract , hormones and vitamins .

c . Can eradicate infectious diseases .

According to the research , infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria , worms , fungi and viruses . With the electron microscope it can be seen the proliferation of a bacterium . The development of science and technology led to the success of medical science in following the dynamic behavior of the epidemic waves , so as to hold the prevention and eradication of infectious diseases .

Prevention of a disease , among others :

1 ) Held water treatment technology to get clean water for the community .

2 ) Maintain cleanliness of neighborhoods , for example, prevent waterlogging in the residential neighborhood , with adequate drainage technology .

3 ) Through the medium result of advanced technology , given an explanation of the causes, consequences and prevention of infectious diseases means to heighten public awareness of the importance of knowledge about the disease . Transmitted in order to avoid the disease .

Effort restrictions infectious disease :

With the technology in the field of medicine has advanced drug can be made for a variety of infectious diseases , so quickly eradicated . In addition, a complete absence of equipment it is possible to localize the infectious disease so as to prevent the expansion of the patient . [ 8 ]

6 ) Benefits of Technology in Education

a) The emergence of the mass media , especially the electronic media as a source of science and education center .

b ) The emergence of learning methods are new , which allows students and teachers in the learning process .

c ) learning system does not have to go through face to face , but can also use the internet and postal services etc. .

7 ) Benefits Technology Achievement Against Prosperity

a) Bring material prosperity

Technological developments gave birth to a new branch of science , among others :

1 ) Modern techniques consisting of :

- Chemical Engineering

By using chemical techniques , one can establish the basic chemical industry to produce raw materials for industrial use , such as sulfuric acid , nitric acid , hydrochloric acid , acetic acid , and others .

- Nuclear Engineering .

By using nuclear techniques , anyone can make a nuclear reactor that can produce radioactive substances . These substances can be used in the field of health ( X-ray ) , the field of agriculture to obtain superior seeds , and others .

- Mechanical Engineering

By using techniques to mechanical person can make the design and manufacture of a variety of machines .

- Flight technique .

By using the technique of flying the aircraft can be made ​​from the simple to the sophisticated ( spacecraft )

2 ) Forest Technology ; person can cultivate the forest so as to obtain results , but without damaging it .

3 ) Warehouse technology .

4 ) Metallurgy .

With the metallurgy of the metal can take the seeds thereof , for example taking iron ore from the mixture . In addition, people can also create a new substance by mixing two or more kinds of metals , such as making steel from iron and carbon .

5 ) Transportation Technology

b ) to bring the ease of living .

1 ) With modern techniques , one can control the water flow of the river , the dams, the primary channel and secondary channel to irrigate the fields and power plants .

2 ) With modern techniques , have to be made a variety of tools that can increase a person's job . For example, the calculator provides an easy to calculate .

3 ) With modern techniques , can be made a variety of educational media such as OHP , slides , film strips , TV , and other taperecorder facilitate educators to carry out their duties .

4 ) With the modern techniques can be made ​​a variety of means of transportation , such as airplanes , ships , trains , and other motor vehicle or means of communication , such as telephone , telegram , satellite , radio , TV , CB , and others .

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Information Communication Technology

Indonesian From Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia
Information and Communication Technology , ICT (English : Information and Communication Technologies ; ICT ) is a large umbrella terms covering all technical equipment to process and communicate information . ICT covers two aspects of information technology and communication technology . Information technology encompasses all matters relating to the process , use as a tool , manipulation , and management of information . While communication technology is everything associated with the use of tools to process and transfer data from one device to another . Therefore, the information technology and communication technology are two inseparable concepts . So the Information and Communication Technology contains a broad understanding that any activity related to the processing , manipulation , management , transfer of information between media . The term ICT emerged after the fusion of computer technology ( both hardware and software ) and communications technology in the mid 20th century . The combination of these two technologies is rapidly developing field surpassed any other technology . Until the beginning of the 21st century ICT continue to experience various changes and has not seen the point of saturation

E -learning

Various definitions can be found in e -learning . Victoria L. Tinio , for example , states that e -learning include learning at all levels , formal and informal , which uses a computer network ( intranet and extranet ) for the delivery of teaching materials , interaction , and / or facilitation . For most of the process of learning that takes place with the help of the Internet is often referred to as online learning . Broader definition proposed in the working paper SEAMOLEC , ie, e -learning is learning through electronic services . Although a variety of definitions but basically agreed that e -learning is learning by utilizing electronic technology as a means of presentation and distribution of information . Included in the definition of radio and television education as a form of e -learning . Although radio and television education is a form of e -learning , is generally agreed that e -learning reaches its peak form after internet.Internet synergy with technology - based learning or web - based learning in its simplest form is a website that is used to present the material - learning materials . This allows learners to access learning resources provided by the speakers or facilitators whenever desired . When required can also be provided a special mailing list for the learning site that serves as a discussion forum . Facilities complete e-learning provided by special software called learning software manager or LMS ( learning management system ) . LMS cutting-edge internet technology -based running so it can be accessed from anywhere over the available access to the internet . Facilities provided include the management of students or learners , learning materials management , learning management , including management of learning evaluation and management of the communication between the facilitator - learner with the facilitator . This facility allows the learning activities are managed without any face to face between the parties involved ( administrators , facilitators , learners or learners ) . ' Presence ' parties involved are represented by e - mail , chat channels , or via video conference

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Posif AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY Posif AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY

Can not be denied with the invention of modern versatile technology certainly has positive and negative effects . one example of television and hp , the following explanation of the positive and negative effects of television and hp :
Positive and negative impact of television
Television is an entertainment medium , it seems indeed provide a positive and negative thing for life . However , you also need to be aware of the bad influence of television , especially for young children and teenagers . In the current era , television certainly is not foreign to you . Most of the Indonesian people also would have a television at home . Today, TV is one of the main entertainment . Not only entertainment , television can be a variety of information media that presents news , both from within and outside the country
For adults , the positive and negative effects may not be so perceived . But it is certainly very influential on the development of young children , as young children or teenagers are still Having mental or psychological unstable .
Positive Impact of Television
In terms of the presentation of news , television is generally always up to date , able to present the latest news directly from the scene . This will certainly make you not miss the information and provide insight that is wide enough on your television cepat.Bila present events related to education , it is certainly very useful for students . A student can take advantage of information from the educational television show tersebut.Salah a positive impact television is able to refresh your brain by watching a variety of entertainment program presented by television stations . Ranging from game shows , movies , soap operas , or other entertainments . Television displays many figures who have influence , whether in education , business , entertainment , or anything else . Figures shown in this television can lead you to imitate their kesusesan .

Negative Impact of Television

Negative influence of the most important television is to make you forget the time . When you watch television , you probably will feel lazy to do a job . For students , the negative influence of television on this one is very detrimental , because they could just be sure to learn . The number of events that are not educated on television can affect a child's psyche . Film violence or crime news is some event that should not be watched by young children and adolescents . They can only imitate crime scenes or violence they watch on television . Television is able to increase the consumptive society . In television , a lot of advertisements that serve a variety of goods . Both adults and children, anyone can be a victim of television commercials .

Well ...... there are some useful tips for parents to reduce the negative impact of the influence of television on children :
1 . Parents must choose which television programs may be viewed and which ones should not be viewed by children .
2 . Try to always accompany children when watching television .
3 . In addition to assisting , also provide an explanation to the children about the scenes they watch so that children can distinguish between what is good to be imitated and which are not .
4 . Create a schedule for the child when to be watching television .
5 . Try to find alternative activities to distract children from television .
The tips mentioned above will not work without self-discipline , a strong commitment from both parents .

Positive and negative impact of mobile
Mobile certainly is not foreign to you . Most of the Indonesian people also would have a mobile phone . Nowadays , mobile phones became one of the tools to communicate . However , you also need to be aware of the detrimental effect ( negative impact ) In the current era , but also do not worry there is definitely a positive impact karen also use mobile phones .
Positive impact
• Facilitate communication us .
• Increase knowledge of technological developments .
• Expand the network of friendship .
• The features available such as alarm clock , helping us to banggun a timely manner.
Negative Impact :
• Playing games while the teacher explains the lesson is clear evidence that HP easily distract students to lessons .
• Disruptive Child Development : The features available in HP as : camera , games , images , and other facilities , easily distract students to receive lessons in school ( class ) . Students easily preoccupied with calling or receiving a call , sms , miscall from their friends even from their own families . Even worse with HP can for cheating on a test . With HP learners can easily send or receive either text or images that are not obscene and should not be consumed by students . If it is allowed , then the learners will be precocious , and learners that we face is the learners who obey and comply with HP technology game .
• The effects of radiation ; addition to the negative impact of various controversies surrounding its use , the use of HP is also bad for the health and development of children . Play activities and exercise activities were replaced with sitting and smiling . So it is better if the parents or guardians of students more cautious and prudent in approving their use or choose HP , especially for students who are still children . If not indispensable , should the children should not be given the opportunity to use HP permanently.
• Prone to acts of crime . Not infrequently students ber HP is one of the main targets of criminals .
• It has the potential to influence the attitudes and behavior of students . If there is no control of the teacher and the tua.HP able to display images that porn is not at all suitable for consumption by students .
• Waste vain
• With HP does not have or use as needed , then the expenditure will obviously increase .
Source: http://roomantik.blogspot.com/2011/04/dampak-positif-negatif-teknologi.html

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Internet and its history

Internet ( short for interconnection - networking ) is a whole network of computers connected together using a standard global system Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Suite ( TCP / IP ) as the packet exchange protocol ( packet switching communication protocol ) to serve billions of users around dunia.Rangkaian the largest internet called the Internet . How to connect a series with this rule is called internetworking ( " between networks " ) .
History of the Internet [edit | edit source ]

The Internet is a computer network that is established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 , through a project called ARPANET ARPA ( Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ) , where they demonstrated how the computer hardware and software that is based on UNIX , we can make communication within the infinity through phone lines .
ARPANET project designing a network , reliability , how much information can be transferred , and finally all the standards that they set into the embryo development of new protocols that are now known as TCP / IP ( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol ) .
The initial purpose of the project is built for military purposes . At that time the United States Department of Defense ( U.S. Department of Defense ) create a computer network system that spread by connecting computers in areas vital to address the problems in the event of a nuclear attack and to avoid the occurrence of centralized information , which in the event of war can easily be destroyed .
At first ARPANET only 4 sites linking only Stanford Research Institute , University of California , Santa Barbara , University of Utah , where they form an integrated network in 1969 , and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972 . Not long after the project is growing rapidly in all regions , and all universities in the country wants to join , thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET .
Therefore widened ARPANET split into two, namely " MILNET " for military purposes and the " ARPANET " new smaller for non - military purposes , such as universities . Combined the two networks came to be known as the DARPA Internet , which then reduces to the Internet .
Internet at the moment [edit | edit source ]



The graphical representation of the network WWW ( only 0.0001 % only ) .
Free guarded by bilateral or multilateral agreements and technical specifications ( protocol which describes the data transfer between the circuit ) . These protocols established by the talk of the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) , which is open to the public . The agency issued documents that are recognized as RFC ( Request for Comments ) . Some RFCs are Internet Standards ( Internet Standard ) , by the Internet Architecture Board ( Internet Architecture Board - IAB ) . Internet protocols are commonly used are IP , TCP , UDP , DNS , PPP , SLIP , ICMP , POP3 , IMAP , SMTP , HTTP , HTTPS , SSH , Telnet , FTP , LDAP , and SSL .
Some of the popular services on the Internet using the above protocol are e / mail, Usenet , Newsgroups , share files ( File Sharing ) , WWW ( World Wide Web ) , Gopher , session access ( Session Access ) , WAIS , finger , IRC , MUD , and Mush . Among all of these , email / electronic mail and the World Wide Web is more often used , and many other services are built upon them , such as mailing lists ( Mailing List ) and Weblog . Internet allows the current service ( real - time service) , such as web radio , and webcast , which can be accessed around the world . Also through the Internet it is possible to communicate directly between two or more users through instant messenger programs such as Camfrog , Pidgin ( Gaim ) , Trilian , Kopete , Yahoo! Messenger , MSN Messenger Windows Live Messenger , Twitter , Facebook and so forth .
Some of the popular Internet service is based on a closed system ( Proprietary System ) , is such as IRC , ICQ , AIM , CDDB , and Gnutella .
Internet culture [edit | edit source ]

The number of Internet users is large and growing, has embodied the culture of the Internet . The Internet also has a considerable influence over science , and world view . With only berpandukan search engines like Google , users worldwide have easy Internet access over a variety of information . Compared with books and libraries , the Internet represents a ( Decentralization) / knowledge (knowledge ) information and data extremes .
The development of the Internet also has affected economic development . Various sale and purchase transactions that previously could only be done by face-to- face (and some very small by mail or telephone ) , is now very easy and often done via the Internet . Transactions over the Internet is known as e - commerce .
Associated with the government , the Internet also fueled the growth of government transparency through the implementation of e-government as Sragen which was successfully deliver increased local revenue by leveraging the Internet for transparency in the management of public funds and cuts through the red tape , so that residents in the area on the stretcher very profitable so the civil servants can also be improved kesejahterannya because local revenue increased sharply .
The rules Internet [ Edit | edit source ]

Just as a community , the Internet also has certain rules , known as Nettiquette or in Indonesian known as netiquette .
For Indonesia in addition to a social order on the Internet also enacted legislation ( UU ITE ) .
Moral issues and legislation [edit | edit source ]

There are doubts about the Internet community culminating in some controversy ingredients in it . Copyright infringement , pornography , identity theft , and hate speech ( hate speech ) , is unusual and difficult to maintain . By 2007 , Indonesia still has Cyberlaw , whereas academic draft bill Cyberlaw been discussed since 2000 by the Directorate General of Post and Ministry. Law is still something to do with the information technology and telecommunications are the Telecommunications Act of 1999.
The Internet is also blamed by some people for being the cause of death . Brandon Vedas died of a drug use that goes beyond the spirit of friends chatting IRCnya . Shawn Woolley committed suicide because of an addiction to the online game , Everquest . Brandes was stabbed killed , and eaten by Armin Meiwes after answering an ad in the Internet .
Internet access [edit | edit source ]



The children are using the computer to access the Internet .
Countries with the best Internet access , including South Korea ( 50 % instead of the population has access jalurlebar - Broadband ) , and Sweden . There are two common forms of Internet access , ie dial - up , and jalurlebar . In Indonesia , as a developing country where access to the Internet and PC penetration is already quite high with the Internet supports cheap and cheap netbooks , only operator in Indonesia less than fair in pricing and there is even one of the operators who deliberately create a " trap " that Internet users are paying more expensive . Others approximately 42 % of Internet access through the Internet Access Public facilities such as cafes , cybercafes , etc. hotspots . Other public places are often used to access the Internet is on campus and in the office .
Besides using a PC ( Personal Computer ) , we are also able to access the Internet via Mobile ( HP ) using a facility called GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service ) . GPRS is a wireless communication standard ( wireless ) that has a connection speed of 115 kbps and supports broader application ( graphics and multimedia ) . GPRS technology is accessible to support the facility . GPRS settings on the phone depending on the service used . Internet access fees are calculated by the amount of capacity ( per - kilobyte ) downloaded .

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Link and hyperlink

Understanding Links and Hyperlinks

1 . Understanding Links - Definition Link ( or also called hyperlinks ) is a reference in a hypertext document ( hypertex ) to another document or other source . such as a quote in his case in the literature . combined with a network of data and in accordance with the access protocol , a computer may be required to obtain the referenced source . Understanding links or in Indonesian called the link is text or image when clicked will go to a specific page in accordance with the manufacturer's specified by the link .

2 . HyperLink is , part of a Web page that connects you to other files , providing seamless links ( relationships ) to the files on another computer . Commonly known as a link . Clicking hyperlinks means to browse the WWW and visit various locations . Hyperlink is :

a reference in a hypertext document ( hypertext ) to another document or other source . As well as a quote in the literature . Combined with a network of data and in accordance with the access protocol , a computer may be required to obtain the referenced source .

Hyperlinks can be used in :

- Web Page

- Page Yuwie

- Page Friendster

- Comments box wordpress , blogger

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WEB

1.1 Background
      Website is a web page of information systems that can be accessed quickly . This website is based on the development of information and communication technology . Through the development of information technology , to create a network between computers that are interrelated . Network known as the Internet is constantly being electronic messages , including e - mail , file transmission , and two-way communication between individuals or computers .
      A library has a collection of various types that can be lent as well as providing a range of services to pemustaka in the library . Along with the times that everything is digital then the library would be much better to have a web library that makes it easy for the collection pemustaka to know what is owned and what services are provided by the library . In other words , the web is helping the library to promote a library .
      However, most of the libraries in Indonesia does not have a web library . In this paper we will discuss the group on how the steps to create a web library including how web maintenance . So with the help of this web library to provide information and promotions to pemustakanya via the web .

1.2 Problem Formulation
1 . What is the web ?
2 . What are the elements of a website or a website ?
3 . What is the function of the web ?
4 . What are the types of websites ?
5 . How good web criteria ?
6 . How do website development ?

1.3 Objectives
1 . Knowing the sense of the web
2 . Knowing the function of the web
3 . Knowing the types of web sites
4 . Knowing the good web kriteris
5 . Knowing how to build a website


DISCUSSION
Definition of Web 2.1
2.1.1 In General
       World Wide Web or WWW or WEB is also known as one of the services obtained by the user computers connected to the internet . This site provides information for users of computers connected to the internet than just information " garbage " or information that is not useful at all to serious information , from information to information that is commercial free . Website or websites can be defined as a collection of pages that are used to display text information , still or motion pictures , animation , sound , and or a combination of all the good they are static or dynamic form of a series of interconnected buildings where each connected to the networks page ( hyperlink ) .
2.1.2 The Expert
1 . According Suwanto Raharjo S.Si , M. Kom , Web service is one of the Internet's most widely used compared with other services such as ftp , gopher , news , or even email .
2 . According to the spacecraft computer , the Web is an interactive form of communication used in computer networking sutu .
3 . According to A. Taufiq Hidayatullah , the web is the most visible part of the world 's largest networks , namely intrenet .
4 . According Haer Talib , the web is a place on the internet that has the name and address .
5 . According to Boone ( Thomson ) , the Web is a collection of graphics -rich resources that are interconnected to each other in the larger Internet .
6 . According to Ferry Indayudha , the Web is a program that can load movies , images , sound , and music displayed on the internet .
7 . According Yuhefizar , the web is a method to display the information on the internet , either in the form of text , images , sound or interactive video and has the advantage to associate ( link ) the document with other documents ( hypertext ) which can be accessed through a browser
2.1.3 How it Works web
As for how the web is as follows :
a. Web information is stored in the document in the form of pages or web page we .
b . Web pages are stored in a web server computer .
c . While there is the part of computer users who acts as the client computer where the program is placed to read web pages on the web server ( browser ) .
d . The browser reads the web pages that exist on the web server .

2.2 Elements of the Website or Site
To provide the existence of a website , it should be available the supporting elements , are as follows :
1 . The domain name ( domain name / URL - Uniform Resource Locator )
Definition of a domain name or commonly called the Domain Name or URL is a unique address in the internet world that is used to identify a website , or in other words, the domain name is the address that is used to find a website on the internet world . An example is http://www.baliorange.nethttp://www.detik.com
Domain names are bought and sold freely on the internet with an annual rental status . The domain name itself has identified extensions / suffixes according to the importance and location of the website . Examples of domain name extension to the international are com , net , org , info, biz , name , ws . Examples of domain name extension to the location of the State of Indonesia is co.id ( to the company's website domain name ) , ac.id ( educational website domain name ) , go.id ( government website domain name ) , or.id ( domain name of the website organization ) .
2 . The house where the website ( web hosting )
Understanding Web Hosting can be defined as hard drive space contained within a place to store a variety of data , files , images , etc. that will be displayed on the website . The amount of data that can be added depending on the size of the web hosting leased / owned , the greater the greater the web hosting data can be entered and displayed in the website . Web Hosting is also obtained by renting . The amount of hard disk space hosting is determined by the size of MB ( Mega Byte ) or GB ( Giga Byte ) . Older web hosting rental average is calculated per year . Hire hosting made ​​from tenant companies of web hosting that can be found both in Indonesia and Foreign Affairs .
3 . Language Program ( Program Scripts )
Is the language used to translate each command in the website when accessed . This type of language is crucial program static , dynamic or interactive website. The more variety of language programs that use it will look more dynamic websites , and interactive as well as look good .
Various programming languages ​​have been present at this time to support the quality of the website . Type type of programming language that is widely used website designers include HTML , ASP , PHP , JSP , Java Scripts , Java applets , etc. . The basic language used every site is HTML, while PHP , ASP , JSP , and other supporters of a language that acts as a regulator of the dynamic and interactive websites . Programming language ASP , PHP , JSP or other can be made . The program language is typically used to build news portal , articles , discussion forums , guest books , members of the organization , email , mailing lists and other things that need updating at any time .
4 . website design
After doing leasing the domain name and web hosting as well as language acquisition programs ( scripts program ) , which is an important element and the main website is the design . Website design determines the quality and beauty of a website . The design is very influential to the judgment of whether or not a visitor would be nice website .
To create a website can usually do it yourself or hire the services of a website designer . Nowadays so many web designers services , especially in big cities . Keep in mind that the quality of the site is determined by the quality of the designer . More and more web designers mastery of the various programs / software support site creation it will produce more quality sites , and vice versa . This web designers services which generally require the highest cost of the entire cost of the construction site and everything it depends on the quality of the designer .

Web 2.3 Functionality
In general, a web site has the following functions :
1 . communication functions
The website that has the function of communication in general is a dynamic web site . Because it is made using a web programming ( server side) then equipped facility that provides communication functions , such as web mail , contact form , chat form , and others .
2 . function information
The website that has the function of information in general more emphasis on the quality of the content section , since the purpose of the site is to deliver isisnya . The site should contain text and graphics that can be downloaded quickly . Restrictions on the use of animated images and moving elements sepertio shockwave and java believed to be the right step , replaced with a facility that provides a function of information such as news , company profile , libraries , reference , etc. .
3 . entertainment functions
Web sites can also have the function of entertainment / amusement . When our web site serves as a means of entertainment , the use of animated images and moving elements can improve the quality of presentation design , but still have to consider the speed of the download . Some facilities provide entertainment functions are online games, online movies , online music , and so on .
4 . transaction function
The web site can be used as a means of transaction biisnis , whether goods , services , or other . This website connecting businesses , consumers , and certain communities through electronic transactions . Payment can be by credit card , transfer , or by paying directly .

2.4 Types Web site
There are several types of web sites that are grouped according to the objective is as follows :
1 . Marketing tool
Currently media marketing is not just the print media alone . Similar electronic media sites can also be used as a marketing medium . Marketing via the internet to rely more quickly and have a much wider range .
2 . Value Added
A web page is a promotional tool for media promotion on the web is cheaper and more effective than conventional promotional media such as brochures , magazines or newspapers . In umumunya web site content in the form of reference or additional information from what is already given it offline . For example, as has been provided in library thesis collection is printed on the web but there are libraries thesis repository and can be accessed more easily by downloading the form of his softfile .
3 . catalog
For in the library catalog online catalog can be accessed through a web library . The catalog is available on the collections held by the library . Pemustaka can access the collection by entering title, author or subject of a collection is needed . As for borrowing pemustaka can directly borrow from the library .
4 . E - Commerce
E - Commerce is a dynamic collection of technology, applications and business processes that connect businesses , consumers and particular communities through electronic transactions . On the web library aims to connect the library is through the membuthkan pemustaka pemustaka and information so that the relationship is mutually mengutungkan both sides .
5 . E - Learning
Cisco describes the philosophical e -learning as follows : First , e -learning is the delivery of information , communication , education , on-line training . Second , e -learning provides a set of tools that can enrich the learning value of the conventional ( conventional learning models , the study of textbooks , CD - ROMs , and computer -based training ) so as to meet the challenges of the globalization . Third , e -learning is not meant to substitute for the conventional model of learning in the classroom , but reinforce the learning models and content enrichment through the development of educational technology . Fourth , the capacity of students to master the material delivered via e -learning vary widely , depending on the form, content , dna mode of delivery . The better the alignment between transmitter content and tools with learning styles , the better the student's mastery , which in turn will provide better hasilyang .
6 . community
A web site created with the purpose to allow visitors to communicate simultaneously. Visitors can share their experiences , stories , ideas , other dna , can also search for and add friends , or to create a new association .
7 . portal
Portal is a web -based application that provides a single point of access to a distributed online information , such as documents obtained through searches , news channels , and links to specific sites . For ease of use typically provided search and organizing information .
8 . Personal
Personal site is a site that has the purpose to promote or inform on someone . Usually contains biographical data , portfolio ( collection of works ever made ) , achievements , or as a diary that tells the everyday life that is published so that others can know the dna to know about it .
2.5 Criteria for a good web site
1 . Usability
Usability is as a user experience in interacting with an application or website to a user can operate it easily and quickly . Web sites must meet five conditions to achieve the ideal level of usability , among others :
· Easy to learn
· Efficient in use
· Easy to remember
· Low error rate
· User Satisfaction
usability when applied to a website , then this site will be easy to learn how to use by visitors . The navigation system is easy to remember , it can be used efficiently . The level of user error in operating the Web site to be minimal . Users will feel satisfied in using the web site .
2 . Navigation System
Navigation helps visitors to find the easy way when exploring a web site , tell where they are , where they can go . Thus they can find what they are looking for the proper and easy . Navigation can be displayed in a variety of media , ie text , images or animations . Terms of good navigation is as follows :
· Easy to learn
· Consistent
· Allows feedback
· It comes in the context of
· It offers another alternative
· Requires the computation time and action
· Provide a clear visual message
· Using clearly labeled and easy to understand
· Supporting the goals and user behavior
3 . Graphic Design ( Visual Design )
User a visual satisfaction subjectively involves how the web site's visual designer brings the user 's eyes to enjoy and explore the web site through the layout , colors , shapes , and typography . Graphs made ​​into a beautiful yard but can also slow down access to the increasing size of the file .
Good design at least has a good composition and consistent color , layout, graphics are consistent , easy to read text , the use of charts that reinforce the text, the use of animation in the right place , the contents of text animations that reinforce content , and overall forming a pattern harmonious .
4 . Contents
No matter how good graphic design web site , without the content useful and beneficial it will be less meaningful . Content on the website should be appealing and relevant . Writing style and language used should be appropriate to the target audience and the web . On the content , which should be considered is the grammar , punctuation , headers and titles .
5 . Compatibility
The web site should be compatible with various devices tampilinnya ( browser ) , should provide an alternative for browsers that can not see the site .
6 . loading Time
A website that appears more rapidly are likely to re- visit , especially if the content and attractive appearance . The download time is not only influenced the design but also the connections , servers , etc. . However, the web designer should at least take into account the design he made in order to perform faster by using size as small as possible .
7 . functionality
How well a website is working from the aspect of technology , this could involve the programmer with the script , for example HTML , PHP , ASP , ColdFusion , CGI , SSI . etc. .
8 . accesibility
The web page must be used by all people , both children, the elderly , young people , including disabled people , so that the user can menukmatu web page designers who 've created .
9 . interactivity
Interactivity is what engages users website as user experience with the website itself. The basis of interactivity are hyperlinks ( links) and feedback mechanisms .

2.6 Stages of Building a Web Site
1 . Engineering and Modeling Systems / Information
At this stage begins by establishing the requirements of all elements of the system and allocating some subset of the software requirements . This system view is essential when software must be associated with other elements such as software , humans , and databases . Systems engineering and analysis involves gathering requirements at the system level with a small amount of analysis and design of peak levels .
2 . Planning ( Planning )
At this stage is to determine the purpose of the software is to be made , conduct a needs analysis dna data collection required . Requirements gathering process is intensified and focused , especially in kebuthan software . In understanding the nature of the program is built , the analyst must understand the information domain , behavior , performance , and interfaces required .
3 . Designing ( Design )
Software design is actually a multi- step process that focuses on four different attributes , ie data structures , software architecture , interface representations , and detailed ( algorithm ) procedural . So at this stage of the design process should be based on demand, so as expected before starting the coding .
4 . Scripting ( Programming )
The design must be translated into machine -readable form . In this stage of the making of the code . If the design is done in full , code generation can be solved mechanically .
5 . Testing ( Testing )
The testing process focuses on the internal logic of the software to ensure that all statements have been tested , and the external function , to direct testing to discover errors and ensure that the limited input that actual results will be obtained as required .
6 . Maintenance ( Maintenance )
Software may be changed after handed over to the customer . Changes may occur due to certain mistakes , because the software must be modified to accommodate changes in the external environment , or because the customer needs to develop functional or performance . Maintenance software to apply again the next phase of the program before and not done by creating a new one . The stages of website development with linear sequential model is as follows :

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
     The Web is an information dissemination through the internet . is a collection - a collection of web documents that are widely spread across multiple computer servers located around the world and trehubung into one network through a network called internet.Sebenarnya between the www ( world wide web ) and web are the same as most people condense into a single web www . Web is a thing that can not be separated from the world of the Internet . Through web , every Internet users can access information on the web site that not only text , but also may include images , sounds , movies , animations , and others .

REFERENCES

Morrow , I. Joko. ( 2006) . Web Design ( Methods of Application and Implementation ) . London: Science Graha .
Rachmawati . [ Online ] . Available : http://elib.unikom.ac.id/files/disk1/527/jbptunikompp-gdl-rachmawati-26318-5-unikom_r-i.pdf . [ 29September 2012 , 17:35 pm ] .
Saleh , Abdul Rahman . ( 2010) . Building a Digital Library : Step by Step . Jakarta : Sagung Seto .
Saputro , Hendra W. ( 2007) . Understanding Website and Unsur-unsurnya.[Online].Tersedia:http://www.balebengong.net/topik/teknologi/2007/08/01/pengertian-website-dan-unsur-unsurnya.html. [ 29 September 2012 , 17:30 pm ] .
Suyanto , Asep Herman . ( 2007) . Step by Step : Web Design Theory and Practices . London: Andi Offset .
        . , 2012. Definition and Understanding Web According to the experts . [ Online ] . Available : http://www.sambureki.com/definisi/definisi-dan-pengertian-web-menurut-para-ahli.html . [ 29 September 2012 , 17:32 pm ] .

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HOW determine PRIMA numbers in PHP

HOW determine PRIMA numbers in PHP

PRIMA NUMBERS THAT CAN ONLY NUMBERS ARE SHARED
1 AND FIGURES WITH ITSELF
$ n = ... / / please insert here the value of N
$ status = " PRIMA " ;
for ( $ i = 2 ; $ i < = $ n - 1 ; $ i + + )
{
if ( $ n % $ i == 0 )
{
$ status = " NO PRIMA " ;
break;
}
}
echo " Numbers " . $ n . " is : " . $ status ;
? >
The result will be like this :
when we enter the number 2 in $ n it would appear
" number 2 is : prima "


HOW TO DETERMINE IN PHP Fibonacci Numbers

FIBONANCI NUMBERS NUMBERS ARE THE NUMBERS PRIOR DITAMBAHAKAN MIS :
SETERUSNYAINI 1,1,2,3,5,8,13 AND HOW TO DISPLAY NUMBERS AS MUCH N FRUIT FIBONANCI

 $ ne = ..... ; / / please enter the number or value of $ s1st HERE N = 1 ;
 $ s2nd = 1 ;
   echo " $ s1st $ s2nd " ;
 for ( $ i = 3 ; $ i < = $ ne , $ i + + ) {
  $ s1st + Snow = $ $ s2nd ;
    echo " $ Snow " ;
 $ s1st = $ s2nd ;
 $ s2nd = $ snow ;
 }
The result will be like this :
If we input the numbers in $ ne = 8
it will display 8 digit Fibonacci numbers
ie 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21
Posted by myori ( widiyanti ) at 20:27 No comments :
reaction :

FRIDAY , 02 OCTOBER 2009



understanding HTML
HTML ( HyperText Mark -up Language) is a method to implement the concept of hypertext in a manuscript or document . HTML itself is not classified in a programming language because it is just marking ( marking up ) on a manuscript text and not as a program .

Based on its constituent words can be interpreted HTML deeper into :

hypertext
Hypertext link is a word or phrase that can show the relationship of a text document with other manuscripts . If we click on a word or phrase to follow this link then the web browser will move the display to the other parts of the manuscript or document which we are headed .

markup
In understanding here the markup indicates that the HTML file contains a specific instruction that can provide a format in which the document will be displayed on the World Wide Web .

Language
Although HTML itself is not a programming language , HTML is a collection of some of the instructions that can be used to vary the format a manuscript or document

Set of HTML tags
1 ( ---- ) Make comments or captions . Sentence which is located on the kontiner tag will not be visible in browser
2 (a href ) Creates a link to another page or to another part of the page
3 (a name ) Create a section name defined on the link on the same page
4 ( applet ) In the beginning of Java applets
5 ( area ) Defines a clickable area ( link ) to image map
6 ( b ) Make a bold text
7 ( BASEFONT ) Make the default text attributes such as type , size and color of the font
8 ( bgsound ) Giving ( background noise ) background sound on a web page
9 ( big ) Increase text size by one point from the default
10 ( blink ) Creating blinking text
11 (body ) start tag to perform various settings of the text , link color and visited link
12 ( br ) Move the line
13 ( caption ) Create a caption on the table
14 ( center ) to the middle of the alignment of text or images
15 ( comment) Leaving a comment on a web page not will not appear on the browser
16 ( dd) Indents text
17 ( div ) Represents different sections of text .
18 ( embed ) Adding sound to a avi file or web page
19 ( fn ) As the tag (a name)
20 ( font ) Changing the type , size , font color that will be used for text
21 ( form) Defines input form
22 ( frame ) Defines the frame
23 ( frameset ) Defining attributes that the page will use the frame
24 ( h1 ... h6 ) Font Size
25 ( head ) Defines the document head .
26 ( hr ) Make a horizontal line
27 ( html ) html document bararti
28 ( i ) Making italic text
29 ( img ) image , imagemap or an animation
30 ( input ) Defines input fields on the form
31 ( li ) Make bullet points or a new line in the list ( paired with the tag ( dir ) , ( menu ) ( ol ) and ( ul )
32 ( map ) Defines the client-side map
33 ( marquee ) Creating scrolling text ( text runs ) - only in MS IE
34 ( nobr ) Preventing line breaks in the text or images
35 ( noframes ) If the user 's browser does not support frames
36 ( ol ) Defining the beginning and end of the list
37 ( p ) Replace paragraph
38 ( pre ) Create a text with the same font size
39 ( script ) Defines the initial script
40 ( table ) A table
41 ( td ) column in the table
42 ( title ) Defining title
43 ( tr ) row in the table
44 ( u ) Make underlined text

How do you connect to the mysql database to connect to MySQL phpUntuk there are two functions that can be used . The first is to use the mysql_connect function . Function syntax is as follows .
resource mysql_connect ( [ string server [ , string username [ , string password [ , bool new_link [ , int client_flags ] ] ] ] ] )
Examples of its use are as follows. $ Conn = mysql_connect ( ' localhost ' , ' root ' , ' passwordku ' ) ;
if ( $ conn ) {
die ( ' Connection to MySQL failed : ' . mysql_error ( ) ) ;
}
echo ' Connecting to MySQL with the mysql_connect success ! ! ' ;
mysql_close ( $ conn ) ;
? >

We see above there mysql_connect command whose primary function is to connect to the MySQL database . For the above example the MySQL server on the localhost with the username root and password is passwordku . There is an important note to remember here . Since version 4.1 , MySQL has been using the new system authentication protocol based on a hashing algorithm . This makes the connection using the old client will fail and will generate an error message like the following.
Client does not support authentication protocol requested by server ; Consider upgrading MySQL client
Do not be afraid . The author personally experienced the same when tested with PHP 4.3.11 and MySQL 4.1.11 this . The solution is easy and there are several ways . According to the manual MySQL 4.1.11 , it can be overcome by resetting the password of the user that can be accessed by the client version of the old one. This is done using the SET PASSWORD command and also functions OLD_PASSWORD ( ) . An example of doing this is as follows .
mysql > SET PASSWORD FOR
- > ' Some_user ' @ ' some_host ' = OLD_PASSWORD ( ' newpwd ' ) ; You can replace ' some_user ' with the user that you use and the ' some_host ' with your host ( usually localhost ) . Then in the newpwd fill in your password .
Persistent connection
In addition to using the mysql_connect function , it could also use mysql_pconnect functions . What's the difference ? It is the function of connecting to MySQL with persistent manner . Once we have a persistent connection to the database server then this connection continues to establish connection to the database server . In principle, the same as the function mysql_pconnect mysql_connect only two differences are:
1 . During the connection holding this function will look for a persistent link that is connected to another host, user and password are the same . If the link is found then the identifier of the connection or the link will be given to the client and the client will not hold a new connection to the server dataase .
2 . Connection to the database will not be closed when the execution of a SQL script is completed. In the mysql_connect function , the connection will automatically be disconnected shortly after a SQL script is executed . In mysql_pconnect function , the connection to the database will continue to happen and will not be disconnected although you use mysql_close function .
The basic syntax of the use of mysql_pconnect function is as follows .
resource mysql_pconnect ( [ string server [ , string username [ , string password [ , int client_flags ] ] ] ] )
Examples of his PHP code mysql_pconnect function can be seen in the following code . $ Conn = mysql_pconnect ( ' localhost ' , ' root ' , ' ariesa2001 ' ) ;
if ( $ conn ) {
die ( ' Connection to MySQL failed : ' . mysql_error ( ) ) ;
}
echo ' Connecting to MySQL successfully with mysql_pconnect ! ! ' ;
? >

which obviously must create a database connection script For example koneksi.php
Scr outline code themselves like this:


$ host = " localhost " ;
$ username = " root " ;
$ password =

$ database = " database name " ;

/ / create the connection
$ conn = mysql_connect ( $ host , $ username , $ password )

/ / create the connection check

if ( $ conn )
{

echo ( " Connection Failed " ) ;

}

$ result = mysql_select_db ( $ database ) ;
if ( $ result )
{

echo ( " Database Failed " ) ;

}


? >

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